c++ - How to Detect if I'm Compiling Code with a particular Visual Studio version?

_MSC_VER and possibly
_MSC_FULL_VER is what you need. You can also examine href="https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/master/boost/config/compiler/visualc.hpp"
rel="nofollow noreferrer">visualc.hpp in any recent boost install for some
usage examples.

Some values for the more recent
versions of the compiler
are:

MSVC++ 14.23 _MSC_VER == 1923
            (Visual Studio 2019 version 16.3)
MSVC++ 14.22 _MSC_VER == 1922 (Visual Studio
            2019 version 16.2)
MSVC++ 14.21 _MSC_VER == 1921 (Visual Studio 2019 version
            16.1)
MSVC++ 14.2 _MSC_VER == 1920 (Visual Studio 2019 version
            16.0)
MSVC++ 14.16 _MSC_VER == 1916 (Visual Studio 2017 version
            15.9)
MSVC++ 14.15 _MSC_VER == 1915 (Visual Studio 2017 version
            15.8)

MSVC++ 14.14 _MSC_VER == 1914 (Visual Studio 2017 version
            15.7)
MSVC++ 14.13 _MSC_VER == 1913 (Visual Studio 2017 version
            15.6)
MSVC++ 14.12 _MSC_VER == 1912 (Visual Studio 2017 version
            15.5)
MSVC++ 14.11 _MSC_VER == 1911 (Visual Studio 2017 version
            15.3)
MSVC++ 14.1 _MSC_VER == 1910 (Visual Studio 2017 version
            15.0)
MSVC++ 14.0 _MSC_VER == 1900 (Visual Studio 2015 version
            14.0)
MSVC++ 12.0 _MSC_VER == 1800 (Visual Studio 2013 version
            12.0)
MSVC++ 11.0 _MSC_VER == 1700 (Visual Studio 2012 version
            11.0)
MSVC++ 10.0 _MSC_VER == 1600 (Visual Studio 2010 version
            10.0)
MSVC++ 9.0 _MSC_FULL_VER == 150030729 (Visual Studio 2008,
            SP1)

MSVC++ 9.0 _MSC_VER == 1500 (Visual Studio 2008 version
            9.0)
MSVC++ 8.0 _MSC_VER == 1400 (Visual Studio 2005 version
            8.0)
MSVC++ 7.1 _MSC_VER == 1310 (Visual Studio .NET 2003 version
            7.1)
MSVC++ 7.0 _MSC_VER == 1300 (Visual Studio .NET 2002 version
            7.0)
MSVC++ 6.0 _MSC_VER == 1200 (Visual Studio 6.0 version
            6.0)
MSVC++ 5.0 _MSC_VER == 1100 (Visual Studio 97 version
            5.0)

The version
number above of course refers to the major version of your Visual studio you see in the
about box, not to the year in the name. A thorough list can be found href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_C%2B%2B#Internal_version_numbering"
rel="nofollow noreferrer">here. href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/vcblog/2016/10/05/visual-c-compiler-version/"
rel="nofollow noreferrer">Starting recently, Visual Studio will start
updating its ranges monotonically, meaning you should check ranges, rather than exact
compiler values.

cl.exe
/? will give a hint of the used version,
e.g.:

c:\program files
            (x86)\microsoft visual studio 11.0\vc\bin>cl /?
Microsoft (R) C/C++
            Optimizing Compiler Version 17.00.50727.1 for
            x86
.....