Can (a==1 && a==2 && a==3) evaluate to true in Java?

As we already know that it is possible to make this code evaluate to true thanks to great answers of Erwin Bolwidt and phflack, I wanted to show that you need to keep a high level of attention when dealing with a condition that looks like the one presented in the question, as sometimes what you see might not be exactly what you think it is.

This is my attempt to show that this code prints Success! to the console. I know I cheated a bit, but I still think this is a good place to present it right here.

No matter what the purposes of writing code like this are - better to know how to deal with the following situation and how to check if you're not wrong with what you think you see.

I used the Cyrillic 'a' which is a distinct character from the latin 'a'. You can inspect the characters used in the if statement here.

This works because the names of the variables are taken from different alphabets. They are distinct identifiers, creating two distinct variables with a different value in each.

Note that if you want this code to work properly, character encoding needs to be changed to one supporting both characters, e.g. all Unicode encodings (UTF-8, UTF-16 (in BE or LE), UTF-32, even UTF-7), or Windows-1251, ISO 8859-5, KOI8-R (thank you - Thomas Weller and Paŭlo Ebermann - for pointing it out):

public class A {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int а = 0;

        int a = 1;
        if(а == 0 && a == 1) {
            System.out.println("Success!");
        }
    }
}

(I hope you will never have to deal with that sort of problem any time in the future.)